G.R.A.M.M.A.R

Today, Marini's group present about prepostion.

Here are the details of it.

Definition :
Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence.

•            Most often they come before a noun.                                              e.g : after class,before Tuesday.

                      

           Simple preposition :

      Is single word preposition.

      Preposition of time : 

            > on (days of the week)
     eg :: on Monday
> in (month/season, time of day, year)
     eg :: in August/in winter, in the morning, in 2011
> since [from a certain point of time (past till now)]
     eg :: since 1992
> to (telling the time)
     eg :: ten to six (5.50)
> ago (a certain time in the past)
     eg :: 2 years ago
> before (earlier than a certain point of time)
     eg :: before 2012
> past (telling the time)
     eg :: ten past six (6.10)
> to/till/until (marking the begining and end of a period of time)
     eg :: from Monday to/till Friday
> by (in the sense of at the latest, up to a cretain time)
     eg :: I will be back by 6 pm

                  

      Preposition of place :

          > in (room,building, street/book paper)
     eg :: in the kitchen,in the picture/in the book
> at (meaning next to, by an object/for events/place where you are to do something typical)
     eg :: at the door / at the concert / at the cinema
> on (attached/being on surface/for a certain side)
     eg :: the picture on the wall / on the table / on the wall
> under (on the ground, lower than / covered by something else)
     eg :: the bag is under the table
> above (high)


          Next, Baini's group present about adverb

Adverbs

       Adverbs are an important part of speech. They usually answer questions such  as how?, where?, when?, how often? and how much?

           

        What is an Adverb?

       An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. It "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb (The man ran quickly). In the following examples, the adverb is in bold and the verb that it modifies is in italics.

•        John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)
•        Afterwards she smoked a cigarette. (When did she smoke?)
•        Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)

      But adverbs can also modify adjectives (Tara is really beautiful), or even other adverbs (It works very well). Look at these examples:

•        Modify an adjective:
  - He is really handsome. (How handsome is he?)
  - That was extremely kind of you.
•        Modify another adverb:
  - She drives incredibly slowly. (How slowly does she drive?)
  - He drives extremely fast. 
• 
  

        ADVERB WHICH MODIFY VERBS   
                                                                                                     

          The following table gives examples of six different types of adverb which can be used to modify verbs. 

                          

FREQUENCY	MANNER	LOCATION	TIME	CONNECTING     ADVERBS	NEGATIVE ADVERBS
always	carefully	ahead	again	also	Barely
ever	correctly	back	early	consequently	Hardly
frequently	eagerly	forward	late	furthermore	Little
generally	easily	here	now	hence	Never
never	fast	high	sometime	however	Not
often	loudly	low	then	moreover	Nowhere

           
          ADVERBS OF MANNER

ž  (e.g.: slowly, carefully, awfully)

 These adverbs are put behind the direct object (or behind the verb if there's no direct object).

subject	verb(s)	direct object	Adverb
He	drove	the car	carefully.
He	drove		carefully.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

          ADVERBS OF PLACE

ž  (e.g.: here, there, behind, above)

ž  Like adverbs of manner, these adverbs are put behind the direct object or the verb

subject	verb(s)	direct object	Adverb
I	didn't see	him	here.
He	stayed		behind.

                                                                                                                                            
        ADVERBS OF TIME 

ž  (e.g.: recently, now, then, yesterday)

ž  Adverbs of time are usually put at the end of the sentence.

subject	verb(s)	indirect object	direct object	time
I	will tell	You	the story	tomorrow.

ž  If you don't want to put emphasis on the time, you can also put the adverb of time at the beginning of the sentence.

time	Subject	verb(s)	indirect object	direct object
Tomorrow	I	will tell	you	the story.

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

(e.g.: always, never, seldom, usually)

Adverbs of frequency are put directly before the main verb. If 'be' is the main verb and there is no auxiliary verb, adverbs of frequency are put behind 'be'. Is there an auxiliary verb, however, adverbs of frequency are put before 'be'.

subject	auxiliary/be	Adverb	main verb	object, place or time
I		Often	go swimming	in the evenings.
He	doesn't	Always	play	tennis.
We	Are	Usually		here in summer.
I	Have	Never	been	abroad.